What Are The Bones That Makeup The Face

Facial basic of a skull

Facial bones
The fourteen basic that form the man facial skeleton.
The fourteen facial bones. (Neurocranium is shown in semi-transparent.)  Blue: Vomer (1)  Yellow: Maxilla (2)  Purple: Mandible (i)  Pink: Nasal basic (2)  Ruby-red: Palatine bones (two)  Bright blueish: Lacrimal basic (2)  Dark green: Zygomatic basic (2)  Bright green: Inferior nasal concha (ii)
Details
Part of	Face up, skeleton
Identifiers
Latin	ossa faciei, ossa facialia
TA98	A02.1.00.008
TA2	355, 356
FMA	53673
Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull.^[1] The remainder of the skull is the braincase.

In human anatomy and evolution, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the bleary viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not function of the braincase.

Construction [edit]

In the human skull, the facial skeleton consists of fourteen bones in the face:^{[1] [two]}

• Junior turbinal (ii)
• Lacrimal bones (2)
• Mandible
• Maxilla (ii)
• Nasal bones (2)
• Palatine basic (2)
• Vomer
• Zygomatic bones (two)

Variations [edit]

Elements of the cartilaginous viscerocranium (i.e., splanchnocranial elements), such as the hyoid os, are sometimes considered part of the facial skeleton. The ethmoid bone (or a part of it) and also the sphenoid bone are sometimes included, just otherwise considered part of the neurocranium. Considering the maxillary bones are fused, they are often collectively listed as but ane os. The mandible is more often than not considered separately from the attic.

Development [edit]

The facial skeleton is composed of dermal bone and derived from the neural crest cells (besides responsible for the development of the neurocranium, teeth and adrenal medulla) or from the sclerotome, which derives from the somite block of the mesoderm. As with the neurocranium, in Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification.

Variation in craniofacial form between humans is largely due to differing patterns of biological inheritance. Cross-analysis of osteological variables and genome-wide SNPs has identified specific genes that control this craniofacial development. Of these genes, DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and PAX3 were constitute to make up one's mind nasal morphology, whereas EDAR impacts chin protrusion.^[3]

Additional images [edit]

• 

  Man facial skeleton. Front view.

• 

  Human skull. Lateral view.

• 

  3D model. Click to movement.

See as well [edit]

• Axial skeleton
• Appendicular skeleton

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Jinkins, J. Randy (2000). Atlas of Neuroradiologic Embryology, Anatomy, and Variants. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 458. ISBN0781716527 . Retrieved 24 August 2017.
2. ^ "Divisions of the Skeleton". U.Due south. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and Stop Results (SEER) Programme. Archived from the original on 14 Jan 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2017. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
3. ^ Adhikari, K., Fuentes-Guajardo, One thousand., Quinto-Sánchez, M., Mendoza-Revilla, J., Chacón-Duque, J. C., Acuña-Alonzo, V., Gómez-Valdés, J. (2016). "A genome-broad association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation". Nature Communications. 7: 11616. doi:10.1038/ncomms11616. PMC4874031. PMID 27193062. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

External links [edit]

• ent/9 at eMedicine - "Facial Os Anatomy"

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_skeleton

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